Peanuts were formerly Mali's principal export. The general purpose of this study is to analyze selected factors affecting Mali's ability to increase production and sales of peanuts. In specific terms the objectives of this study are: 1) to analyze factors affecting the supply of peanuts in Mali; 2) to analyze the current structure and conduct of the Malian peanut industry; and 3) to outline the principal ideas which may permit an evaluation of the efficiency of peanut price policy with respect to its impact on production, marketing, and export of this commodity.