Related literatures about ecological fragile is reviewed; the current status of ecological environment in the upper Min River basin is summarized. Equations for calculating the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity, as well as the standards of evaluating the status of ecological security are introduced. When ecological carrying capacity is greater than ecological footprint, ecosystem in this region is in safe state, and vice verse. According to the research data about five counties in upper Min River Basin, ecological footprint per capita and ecological capacity per capita are calculated in upper Min River Basin. Result shows that ecological system is in safe state in general. Interference of human activities on natural ecosystem has not exceeded the threshold of natural ecological carrying capacity; economic and social development is sustainable. However, ecological demand of fossil energy land, building land and farmland is greater than the supply. There are deficits in ecological footprint component. Among them, deficit of farmland is relatively large, which is in overloaded state. From the viewpoint of a state, ecological security in the upper Min River basin is not optimistic. However, from the global viewpoint, it is in sustainable condition. Utilization of resources is relatively extensive in the upper Min River basin with unreasonable consumption structure. In addition, economic development is achieved at the expense of natural resources.