Development of ecological agriculture is the mainstream of the world's agricultural development, as well as the only way to change from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. This paper expatiates the connotation of ecological agriculture and its significance to the development of western China. There are problems in the development of ecological agriculture in western China, manifested mainly in insufficient subsequent supply, overextension of resources, lack of capital and technology input in the development of ecological agriculture, and imperfect supporting policies. From the new perspective of sociology, countermeasures for developing western ecological agriculture are put forward, including improving the scientific and cultural quality of workers, increasing the input in ecological agriculture and the strength of science and technology promotion, perfecting the policy and regulation system of ecological agriculture, and enhancing the level of information services for ecological agriculture. Finally, it is concluded that development of ecological agriculture in western China should be carried out step by step according to local situation.