This study profiled and decomposed political inequality among rural households in Nigeria. Core welfare indicator questionnaire survey data conducted by National Bureau of Statistics in 2006 was used. The data was analyzed using Generalized Entropy and Shapley decomposition. Result revealed that 90.8% of the respondents have low participatory ratio in politics and decision making and the level of dispersion across the mean of the population share is 0.196. South East and North Central zone have the highest (0.217) and the least (0.195) level of dynamics. Shapley decomposition shows that political inequality is more as a result of dynamics within the various socio-economic groups contributing between 94.8% and 98.2% of the total political inequality. Furthermore, households that are headed by male, have household size consisting of 6-10 members, 31-60 years. Low level of participation in politics and decision making therefore calls for political reform by all stakeholders and development partners to remove violence, corruption and rigging from the political system and also to sensitize households on the importance of participation in politics and decision making in the policy formulation and implementation processes.