The eucalyptus plantations constitute a major segment of the Agribusiness System of Forestry in Mato Grosso do Sul, thus, this study has focused primarily examine the competitiveness of this segment by applying a quantitative methodology for analyzing economic results called Quasi-Income, stating ultimately its competitiveness. Moreover, to capture the information held visiting the institutional actors directly connected to the system, which also allowed the identification of strengths – such as a favorable climate, large areas for forest planting , policy environment, wellstructured and very active, new arrivals agents that complement the chains, rates of return and profitability positive; and negative – failing infrastructure for disposal of raw materials and final products, poor quality and maintenance of local roads with consequent increase in transaction costs , low skills and lack of manpower and technology imports from the other regions of the country – that influence the competitiveness , which are briefly discussed in the manuscript as a diagnosis. Faced activity proved to be not competitive for the period of analysis.