According to the data in 1990-2009 Huai’an Statistical Yearbook and Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook, production structure of agriculture in Huai’an City is analyzed. Result shows that economic efficiency of planting industry is significantly lower than that of other industry types of agriculture; and the production structure of agriculture in Huai’an City is unbalanced and needs further optimization. The reasons for the imbalance in industrial structure are various, such as the relatively low quality of agricultural employees, the backward marketing of planting, and the lack of standardization management. Finally, corresponding suggestions are put forward, including developing education, conducting vocational training, improving the human capital stock of Huai’an City, cultivating the leading enterprises for agricultural product processing, and realizing the scale agglomeration effect of agricultural production in planting industry.